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MicroLED

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="LED-backlit_LCD#Mini_LED" title="LED-backlit LCD">LED-backlit LCD § Mini LED</a>.</div>

MicroLED, also known as micro-LED, mLED or μLED is an emerging <a href="Flat-panel_display" title="Flat-panel display">flat-panel display</a> technology consisting of arrays of microscopic <a href="Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">LEDs</a> forming the individual <a href="Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a> elements. Inorganic semiconductor microLED (μLED) technology<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-5">[5]</a> was first invented in 2000 by the research group of <a href="Hongxing_Jiang" title="Hongxing Jiang">Hongxing Jiang</a> and <a href="Jingyu_Lin" title="Jingyu Lin">Jingyu Lin</a> of <a href="Texas_Tech_University" title="Texas Tech University">Texas Tech University</a> (TTU) while they were at <a href="Kansas_State_University" title="Kansas State University">Kansas State University (KSU)</a>. The first high-resolution and video-capable InGaN microLED microdisplay in VGA format was realized in 2009 by Jiang, Lin and their colleagues at Texas Tech University and III-N Technology, Inc. via active driving of a microLED array by a <a href="Complementary_metal-oxide_semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor">complementary metal-oxide semiconductor</a> (CMOS) IC.<a href="#cite_note-:5-6">[6]</a>

Compared to <a href="LED-backlit_LCD" title="LED-backlit LCD">conventional LCD displays</a>, microLED displays offer greatly reduced energy requirements while also offering pixel-level light control and a high <a href="Contrast_ratio" title="Contrast ratio">contrast ratio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Compared to <a href="OLED" title="OLED">OLEDs</a>, the inorganic nature of microLEDs gives them a longer lifetime and allows them to display brighter images with minimal risk of <a href="Screen_burn-in" title="Screen burn-in">screen burn-in</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-7">[7]</a> Compared to other display technologies used for 3D/AR/VR, the sub-nanosecond response time of μLED has a huge advantage since 3D/AR/VR displays need high frames per second and fast response times to minimise <a href="Ghosting_(television)" title="Ghosting (television)">ghosting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-7">[7]</a> MicroLEDs are capable of high speed modulation, and have been proposed for chip-to-chip interconnect applications.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

As of 2021, <a href="Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>, and <a href="Konka_Group" title="Konka Group">Konka</a> started to sell microLED <a href="Video_wall" title="Video wall">video walls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <a href="LG_Display" title="LG Display">LG</a>, Tianma, PlayNitride, <a href="TCL_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="TCL Corporation">TCL</a>/<a href="China_Star_Optoelectronics_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="China Star Optoelectronics Technology">CSoT</a>, Jasper Display, Jade Bird Display, <a href="Plessey" title="Plessey">Plessey Semiconductors Ltd</a>, and Ostendo Technologies, Inc. have demonstrated prototypes.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Sony already sells microLED displays as a replacement for conventional cinema screens.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="BOE_Technology" title="BOE Technology">BOE</a>, <a href="Epistar" title="Epistar">Epistar</a>, and <a href="Leyard" title="Leyard">Leyard</a> have plans for microLED mass production.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-26">[26]</a> MicroLED can be made <a href="Flexible_display" title="Flexible display">flexible</a> and <a href="See-through_display" title="See-through display">transparent</a>, just like OLEDs.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-26">[26]</a>

According to a report by Market Research Future, the MicroLED display market will reach around USD 24.3 billion by 2027.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Custom Market Insights reported that the MicroLED display market is expected to reach around USD 182.7 Billion by 2032.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2></div>

Following the first report of electrical injection microLEDs based on <a href="Indium_gallium_nitride" title="Indium gallium nitride">indium gallium nitride</a> (InGaN) semiconductors in 2000 by the research group of <a href="Hongxing_Jiang" title="Hongxing Jiang">Hongxing Jiang</a> and <a href="Jingyu_Lin" title="Jingyu Lin">Jingyu Lin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:7-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-5">[5]</a> several groups have quickly engaged in pursuing this concept.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Many related potential applications have been identified. Various on-chip connection schemes of microLED pixel arrays have been employed by AC LED Lighting, LLC (a company funded by Jiang and Lin) allowing for the development of single-chip high voltage DC/AC-LEDs<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> to address the compatibility issue between the high voltage electrical infrastructure and low voltage operation nature of LEDs and high brightness self-emissive microdisplays.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-6">[6]</a>

The microLED array has also been explored as a light source for <a href="Optogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Optogenetic">optogenetic</a> applications<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> and for <a href="Visible_light_communication" title="Visible light communication">visible light communications</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>

Early InGaN based microLED arrays and microdisplays were primarily passively driven. The first actively driven video-capable self-emissive InGaN microLED microdisplay in VGA format (640 × 480 pixels, each 12 μm in size with 15 μm between them) possessing low voltage requirements was patented and realized in 2009 by Jiang, Lin and their colleagues at Texas Tech and III-N Technology, Inc.(a company funded by Jiang and Lin) via integration between microLED array and CMOS integrated circuit (IC)<a href="#cite_note-:5-6">[6]</a> and the work was also published in the following years.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>

The first microLED products were demonstrated by Sony in 2012. These displays, however, were very expensive.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>

There are several methods to manufacture microLED displays. The flip-chip method manufactures the LED on a conventional sapphire substrate, while the transistor array and solder bumps are deposited on silicon wafers using conventional manufacturing and metallization processes. Mass transfer is used to pick and place several thousand LEDs from one wafer to another at the same time, and the LEDs are bonded to the silicon substrate using reflow ovens. The flip-chip method is used for micro displays used on <a href="Virtual_reality_headset" title="Virtual reality headset">virtual reality headsets</a>. Another microLED manufacturing method involves bonding the LEDs to an IC layer on a silicon substrate and then removing the LED bonding material using conventional semiconductor manufacturing techniques.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The current bottleneck in the manufacturing process is the need to individually test every LED and replace faulty ones using an excimer laser lift-off apparatus, which uses a laser to weaken the bond between the LED and its substrate. Faulty LED replacement must be performed using high accuracy <a href="Pick-and-place_machine" title="Pick-and-place machine">pick-and-place machines</a> and the test and repair process takes several hours. The mass transfer process alone can take 18 days, for a smartphone screen with a glass substrate.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Special LED manufacturing techniques can be used to increase yield and reduce the amount of faulty LEDs that need to be replaced. Each LED can be as small as 5 μm across.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> LED epitaxy techniques need to be improved to increase LED yields.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a>

The characterization of microLEDs remains highly challenging due to their small size and the complexity of measuring their optical and electrical performance at scale. Techniques for efficient, non-destructive testing are still under development.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a>

<a href="Excimer_laser" title="Excimer laser">Excimer lasers</a> are used for several steps: laser lift-off to separate LEDs from their sapphire substrate and to remove faulty LEDs, for manufacturing the LTPS-TFT backplane, and for laser cutting of the finished LEDs. Special mass transfer techniques using <a href="Elastomer" title="Elastomer">elastomer</a> stamps are also being researched.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Other companies are exploring the possibility of packaging 3 LEDs: one red, one green and one blue LED into a single package to reduce mass transfer costs.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a>

<a href="Quantum_dot" title="Quantum dot">Quantum dots</a> are being researched as a way to shrink the size of microLED pixels, while other companies are exploring the use of phosphors and quantum dots to eliminate the need for different-colored LEDs.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Sensors can be embedded in microLED displays.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a>

Over 130 companies are involved in microLED research and development.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> MicroLED light panels are also being made, and are an alternative to conventional OLED and LED light panels.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a>

Digital <a href="Pulse-width_modulation" title="Pulse-width modulation">pulse-width modulation</a> is well-suited to driving microLED displays. MicroLEDs experience a color shift as the current magnitude changes. Analog schemes change current to change brightness. With a digital pulse, only one current value is used for the on state. Thus, there is no color shift that occurs as brightness changes.

Current microLED display offerings by Samsung and Sony consist of "cabinets" that can be tiled to create a large display of any size, with the display's resolution increasing with size. They also contain mechanisms to protect the display against water and dust. Each cabinet is 36.4 inches (92 cm) diagonally with a resolution of 960 × 540.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercialization">Commercialization</h2></div>

MicroLEDs have already demonstrated performance advantages over LCD and OLED displays, including higher brightness, lower <a href="Latency_(engineering)" title="Latency (engineering)">latency</a>, higher <a href="Contrast_ratio" title="Contrast ratio">contrast ratio</a>, greater <a href="Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">color saturation</a>, intrinsic self-illumination, better efficiency and longer lifetime. Compared with OLED displays and LCDs, microLED displays stand out for their combination of high performance, durability, and energy efficiency.<a href="#cite_note-:11-78">[78]</a> Ultrahigh brightness is particularly relevant for applications in augmented-reality displays that compete with the Sun’s brightness in outdoor environments.<a href="#cite_note-:11-78">[78]</a>

Glo and Jasper Display Corporation demonstrated the world's first RGB microLED microdisplay, measuring 0.55 inches (1.4 cm) diagonally, at SID Display Week 2017. Glo transferred their microLEDs to the Jasper Display backplane.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a>

<a href="Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> launched a 55-inch (140 cm) "Crystal LED Display" in 2012 with 1920 × 1080 resolution, as a demonstration product.<a href="#cite_note-li1-80">[80]</a> Sony announced its CLEDIS (Crystal LED Integrated Structure) brand which used surface mounted LEDs for large display production.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> As of August 2019, Sony offers CLEDIS in 146-inch (3.7 m), 182-inch (4.6 m) and 219-inch (5.6 m) displays.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> On 12 September 2019, Sony announced Crystal LED availability to consumers ranging from 1080p 110-inch (2.8 m) to 16K 790-inch (20 m) displays.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>

<a href="Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> demonstrated a 146-inch (3.7 m) microLED display called The Wall at <a href="Consumer_Electronics_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Electronics Show">CES 2018</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In July 2018, Samsung announced plans on bringing a 4K microLED TV to consumer market in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> At <a href="Consumer_Electronics_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Electronics Show">CES 2019</a>, Samsung demonstrated a 75-inch (1.9 m) 4K microLED display and 219-inch (5.6 m) 6K microLED display.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> On June 12 at InfoComm 2019, Samsung announced the global launch of The Wall Luxury microLED display configurable from 73-inch (1.9 m) in 2K to 292-inch (7.4 m) in 8K.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> On October 4, 2019, Samsung announced that The Wall Luxury microLED display shipments had begun.<a href="#cite_note-auto-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a>

In March 2018, Bloomberg reported <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> to have about 300 engineers devoted to in-house development of microLED screens.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-AppleBloomberg-90">[90]</a> At IFA 2018 in August, <a href="LG_Display" title="LG Display">LG Display</a> demonstrated a 173-inch (4.4 m) microLED display.<a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[17]</a>

At SID's Display Week 2019 in May, Tianma and PlayNitride demonstrated their co-developed 7.56-inch (19.2 cm) microLED display with over 60% transparency.<a href="#cite_note-:1-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-19">[19]</a> <a href="China_Star_Optoelectronics_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="China Star Optoelectronics Technology">China Star Optoelectronics Technology (CSoT)</a> demonstrated a 3.3-inch (8.4 cm) transparent microLED display with around 45% transparency, also co-developed with PlayNitride.<a href="#cite_note-:3-20">[20]</a> <a href="Plessey" title="Plessey">Plessey Semiconductors Ltd</a> demonstrated a monolithic monochrome blue GaN-on-silicon wafer bonded to a Jasper Display CMOS backplane 0.7-inch (18 mm) active-matrix microLED display with an 8 μm pixel pitch.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a>

At SID's Display Week 2019 in May, Jade Bird Display demonstrated their 720p and 1080p microLED microdisplays with 5 μm and 2.5 μm pitch respectively, achieving luminance in the millions of candelas per square metre. In 2021, Jade Bird Display and <a href="Vuzix" title="Vuzix">Vuzix</a> have entered a Joint manufacturing agreement for making microLED based projectors for smart glasses and augmented reality glasses <a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a>

At Touch Taiwan 2019 on September 4, 2019, <a href="AU_Optronics" class="mw-redirect" title="AU Optronics">AU Optronics</a> demonstrated a 12.1-inch (31 cm) microLED display and indicated that microLED was 1–2 years from mass commercialization.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> At IFA 2019 on September 13, 2019, <a href="TCL_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="TCL Corporation">TCL Corporation</a> demonstrated their Cinema Wall featuring a 4K 132-inch (3.4 m) microLED display with maximum brightness of 1,500 cd/m2 and 2,500,000∶1 contrast ratio produced by their subsidiary <a href="China_Star_Optoelectronics_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="China Star Optoelectronics Technology">China Star Optoelectronics Technology (CSoT)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-21">[21]</a>

As of 2024, Samsung has already launched microLED display products including The Wall. Samsung’s microLED display technology transfers micrometer-scale LEDs into LED modules, resulting in what resembles wall tiles composed of mass-transferred clusters of almost microscopic lights.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a>

Samsung has also debuted at 2024 CES their Transparent MicroLED display.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a>

LG has also debuted at 2024 CES their microLED display, called LG MAGNIT.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a>

In terms of microLED microdisplay, Jade Bird Display launched 0.13" series of MicroLED displays which has an active area of 0.13” (3.3 mm) in diagonal and a resolution of 640X480 for AR and VR display products.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a>

Apple reportedly invested billions of dollars in development of microLED displays in the years leading up to 2024, intending to transition its products to the technology beginning with the Apple Watch Ultra, before ultimately abandoning the effort after deciding it was unviable.<a href="#cite_note-mr1-102">[102]</a> However, the company is reportedly still "eyeing microLED for other projects down the road".<a href="#cite_note-mr1-102">[102]</a>

<li><a href="AMOLED" title="AMOLED">AMOLED</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_flat_panel_display_manufacturers" title="List of flat panel display manufacturers">List of flat panel display manufacturers</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFJiangLin2023" class="citation journal cs1">Jiang, Hongxing; Lin, Jingyu (March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-023-00940-0">"How we made the microLED"</a>. Nature Electronics. 6 (3): 257. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41928-023-00940-0">10.1038/s41928-023-00940-0</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2520-1131">2520-1131</a>.</cite>

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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US6410940">US 6410940</a>, Jiang, Hongxing; Lin, Jingyu & Jin, Sixuan et al., "Micro-size LED and detector arrays for mini-displays, hyperbright light emitting diodes, lighting, and UV detector and imaging sensor applications", assigned to <a href="Kansas_State_University#Research" title="Kansas State University">Kansas State University Research Foundation</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=6410940&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Micro-size+LED+and+detector+arrays+for+mini-displays%2C+hyperbright+light+emitting+diodes%2C+lighting%2C+and+UV+detector+and+imaging+sensor+applications&rft.inventor=Jiang&rft.assignee=%5B%5BKansas+State+University%23Research%7CKansas+State+University+Research+Foundation%5D%5D">

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<li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/samsung-the-wall-luxury-292-inch-8k-microled-coming-july-2019/">"Samsung's the Wall Luxury TV Delivers 8K in up to 292 Inches"</a>. 12 June 2019.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-19/apple-is-said-to-develop-displays-to-replace-samsung-screens">"Apple Is Secretly Developing Its Own Screens for the First Time"</a>, Bloomberg.com, 18 Mar 2018</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-AppleBloomberg-90"><a href="#cite_ref-AppleBloomberg_90-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-screens/apple-is-designing-and-testing-screens-bloomberg-idUSKBN1GV04W">"Apple is developing own MicroLED screens: Bloomberg"</a>. Reuters. March 18, 2018. Retrieved 2018-03-19.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmsid.1038">"Products on Display at Display Week 2019"</a>. Information Display. 35 (3): 35–52. 2019. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmsid.1038">10.1002/msid.1038</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2637-496X">2637-496X</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ledinside.com/news/2019/9/auo_microled_commercialization">"AUO Expects Micro LED Commercialization in 1-2 Years"</a>. www.ledinside.com. Retrieved 2019-09-14.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lg.com/global/business/led-signage/lg-lsab009">"LG MAGNIT"</a>. LG Global. Retrieved 2024-08-18.</cite>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2014" class="citation journal cs1">Murphy, David (3 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2457537,00.asp">"Apple Acquires Micro-LED Display Maker LuxVue Technology"</a>. PC Mag.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCampos2014" class="citation web cs1">Campos, Alvaro (13 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/05/13/why-apple-is-buying-this-micro-led-tech-startup.aspx">"Why Did Apple Inc Buy This Micro-LED Tech Startup?"</a>. Motley Fool.</cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US8552436">US 8552436</a>, Bibl, Andreas; Higginson, John A. & Law, Hung-fai Stephen et al., "Light emitting diode structure", published 2013-10-08, assigned to LuxVue Technology Corp.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=8552436&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Light+emitting+diode+structure&rft.inventor=Bibl&rft.assignee=LuxVue+Technology+Corp.&rft.pubdate=2013-10-08"> </li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spie.org/news/4001-high-resolution-group-iii-nitride-microdisplays#_=_">First actively driven video-capable high-resolution microLED microdisplay in VGA format</a></li>

<li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.00A475" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1364/OE.21.00A475">MicroLED review (2013)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article/77/6/30/3294598/Putting-microLED-technology-on-displayAfter-some">Putting microLED technology on display (2024)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pro.sony/en_GB/technology/crystal-led">Crystal LED</a> - Sony</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lg.com/us/business/direct-view-led-signage/magnit">LG MAGNIT MicroLED</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Ye_saLZZnk&t=4m12s">"The Long View With John Doerr"</a>, John Doerr of KPC&B describes the microLED concept, starts around the 5 minute mark.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fama.com.eg/how-to-choose-display-screens-for-electronic-ads/">LED screens are significantly different from microLED</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Display_technology191" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Display_device" title="Display device">Display technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Display_device#video_display" title="Display device">Video displays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Past generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Eidophor" title="Eidophor">Eidophor</a></li>

<li><a href="Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">Cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT)</li>

<li><a href="Jumbotron" title="Jumbotron">Jumbotron</a></li>

<li><a href="Electroluminescent_display" title="Electroluminescent display">Electroluminescent display</a> (ELD)</li>

<li><a href="Rear-projection_television" title="Rear-projection television">Rear-projection display</a></li>

<li><a href="Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">Plasma display panel</a> (PDP)

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Current generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Quantum_dot_display" title="Quantum dot display">Quantum dot display</a> (QLED)</li>

<li><a href="Electronic_paper" title="Electronic paper">Electronic paper</a>

<li><a href="Gyricon" title="Gyricon">Gyricon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="LED_display" title="LED display">Light-emitting diode display</a> (LED)

<ul><li><a href="OLED" title="OLED">Organic light-emitting diode</a> (OLED)

<ul><li><a href="AMOLED" title="AMOLED">Active-Matrix Organic light-emitting diode</a> (AMOLED)</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">Liquid-crystal display</a> (LCD)

<li><a href="LED-backlit_LCD" title="LED-backlit LCD">LED-backlit</a></li>

<li><a href="Blue_phase_mode_LCD" title="Blue phase mode LCD">Blue Phase</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Digital_light_processing" title="Digital light processing">Digital light processing</a> (DLP)</li>

<li><a href="Liquid_crystal_on_silicon" title="Liquid crystal on silicon">Liquid crystal on silicon</a> (LCoS)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="Next_generation_of_display_technology" title="Next generation of display technology">Next generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="Quantum_dot_display#Self-emissive_quantum_dot_diodes" title="Quantum dot display">Electroluminescent Quantum Dots</a> (ELQD/QD-LED)</li>

<li><a href="Organic_light-emitting_transistor" title="Organic light-emitting transistor">Organic light-emitting transistor</a> (OLET)</li>

<li><a href="Surface-conduction_electron-emitter_display" title="Surface-conduction electron-emitter display">Surface-conduction electron-emitter display</a> (SED)</li>

<li><a href="Field-emission_display" title="Field-emission display">Field-emission display</a> (FED)</li>

<li><a href="Laser_TV" title="Laser TV">Laser TV</a>

<ul><li><a href="Quantum_dot_laser" title="Quantum dot laser">Quantum dot</a></li>

<li><a href="Liquid-crystal_laser" title="Liquid-crystal laser">Liquid crystal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Microelectromechanical_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Microelectromechanical systems">MEMS</a> display

<li><a href="Ferroelectric_liquid_crystal_display" title="Ferroelectric liquid crystal display">Ferroelectric liquid crystal display</a> (FLCD)</li>

<li><a href="Thick-film_dielectric_electroluminescent_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology">Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology</a> (TDEL)</li>

<li><a href="Laser-powered_phosphor_display" title="Laser-powered phosphor display">Laser-powered phosphor display</a> (LPD)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electromechanics" title="Electromechanics">Electromechanical</a>

<li><a href="Split-flap_display" title="Split-flap display">Split-flap</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Text_display#Eggcrate_displays" title="Text display">Eggcrate</a></li>

<li><a href="Fiber-optic_display" title="Fiber-optic display">Fiber-optic</a></li>

<li><a href="Nixie_tube" title="Nixie tube">Nixie tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacuum_fluorescent_display" title="Vacuum fluorescent display">Vacuum fluorescent display</a> (VFD)</li>

<li><a href="Light-emitting_electrochemical_cell" title="Light-emitting electrochemical cell">Light-emitting electrochemical cell</a> (LEC)</li>

<li><a href="Lightguide_display" title="Lightguide display">Lightguide display</a></li>

<li><a href="Dot-matrix_display" title="Dot-matrix display">Dot-matrix display</a></li>

<li><a href="Seven-segment_display" title="Seven-segment display">Seven-segment display</a> (SSD)</li>

<li><a href="Eight-segment_display" title="Eight-segment display">Eight-segment display</a></li>

<li><a href="Nine-segment_display" title="Nine-segment display">Nine-segment display</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourteen-segment_display" title="Fourteen-segment display">Fourteen-segment display</a> (FSD)</li>

<li><a href="Sixteen-segment_display" title="Sixteen-segment display">Sixteen-segment display</a> (SISD)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="3D_display" title="3D display">3D display</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopic</a></li>

<li><a href="Autostereoscopy" title="Autostereoscopy">Autostereoscopic</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiscopy" title="Multiscopy">Multiscopic</a></li>

<li><a href="Holography" title="Holography">Hologram</a>

<ul><li><a href="Holographic_display" title="Holographic display">Holographic display</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer-generated_holography" title="Computer-generated holography">Computer-generated holography</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Volumetric_display" title="Volumetric display">Volumetric</a></li>

<li><a href="Fog_display" title="Fog display">Fog display</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Static media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Monoscope" title="Monoscope">Monoscope</a></li>

<li><a href="Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">Movie projector</a></li>

<li><a href="Slide_projector" title="Slide projector">Slide projector</a></li>

<li><a href="Transparency_(projection)" title="Transparency (projection)">Transparency</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser_lighting_display" title="Laser lighting display">Laser beam</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display capabilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="DisplayID" title="DisplayID">DisplayID</a></li>

<li><a href="Always-on_display" title="Always-on display">Always-on display</a></li>

<li><a href="See-through_display" title="See-through display">See-through display</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="History_of_display_technology" title="History of display technology">History of display technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Large-screen_television_technology" title="Large-screen television technology">Large-screen television technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Optimum_HDTV_viewing_distance" title="Optimum HDTV viewing distance">Optimum HDTV viewing distance</a></li>

<li><a href="High-dynamic-range_television" title="High-dynamic-range television">High Dynamic Range</a> (HDR)</li>

<li><a href="Color_Light_Output" title="Color Light Output">Color Light Output</a></li>

<li><a href="Flexible_display" title="Flexible display">Flexible display</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_CRT%2C_LCD%2C_plasma%2C_and_OLED_displays" title="Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays">Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="Comparison_of_display_technology" title="Comparison of display technology">Comparison of display technology</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=MicroLED&oldid=1304463220">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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